Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructures and Competitiveness Project
(TACTIC)
Environmental and social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Proposed Urban Infrastructure Investments (Roads)under TACTIC Projects in Arusha City Council,
Arusha region – Tanzania
Preliminary ESIA Report
Submitted to:
National Environment Management Council
Regent Estate, Mikocheni, P. O. Box 63154,
Dar es Salaam.
Tel: +255 22 2774852/ 0713608930;
Fax: +255 22 2774901
E-mail: nemc@nemctz.org
EIA Consultant:
WESH Consulting Limited
Block No. 3, Plot No.105, Makongo Juu St,
P.O BOX 35478,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Mob: +255 754 898 592
E- mail:weshconsultingltd@gmail.com
Crown TECH-Consult Limited
March, 2022
Background
The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania through President’s office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) has set aside funds to undertake the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including development of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) as well as to undertake the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the proposed urban infrastructure investments in Arusha City Council, Arusha Region-Tanzania. TACTIC – Arusha consist construction of roads ((i) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4.8 km of Engosheraton – Dampo – Muriet road in Sinoni Ward, (ii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4 km of Olasiti road in Olasiti Ward (iii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 3.56 km of Kibo road in Olasiti Ward (iv) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 2.7 km of Oljoro road in Muriet Ward (v) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 1.5 km of NSK – Daraja Mbili road in Sinoni and Daraja Mbili Wards (vi) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4.8 km of Breweries – Lemala – Tanesco road in Lemala Ward, and (vii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 2.9 km of Themi – Viwandani road in Themi ward).
The improvement of the proposed infrastructure investment projects is part of the Government strategy to support socio-economic development of the country especially in Arusha City in Arusha region.
Requirements for an ESIA
These Project falls under the list of projects requiring EIA pursuant to the First Schedule made under Regulation 6(1) of the Environmental Impacts Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 and Regulation 17 of its amendments of 2018.
Also, the World Bank requires that all environmental and social risks and impacts of the project be addressed as part of the environmental and social assessment conducted in accordance with Environmental and Social Standards 1. Environmental and Social Standards 2–10 set out the obligations of the Borrower in identifying and addressing environmental and social risks and impacts that may require particular attention.
Approach and Methodology
The ESIA methodology was subject to the EIA procedures of Tanzania as per Environmental Impacts Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 and Regulation 17 of its amendments of 2018:
Assumptions of the Study
The study assumes that the respondents provided information that are reliable on the implementation of the project;
The study assumes that the Design Consultant shall incorporate ESIA mitigations into the design of TACTIC subprojects’ roadsin Arusha City; and
It is also assumed that, the project contractor of the proposed projects will fully adhere to ESMP
Key Components of the Proposed Subprojects
Key components of the proposed Subproject roads are as follow; -
Road Classification and Design
The proposed roads are classified as Town Road – Road Design Class S15 Subgrade except for Oljoro road which is classified as Regional Road. The proposed roads will be upgraded from gravel roads to Asphalt concrete standards, the minimum design criteria for the proposed Subproject roads are as follows:
| ARUSHA CITY COUNCIL PROPOSED ROADS
|
||||||||||||
|
SN |
Road Name |
Road Length (km) |
Wide requirements (m) |
Street light |
PAVEMENT |
|||||||
| CW
|
SH
|
DT
|
WW
|
TT
|
WC
|
BASE
|
SUBBASE
|
|||||
| 01
|
Upgrading of Njiro Road
|
4.8
|
6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
50 AC
|
150 CRR
|
200 C1
|
|
| 02
|
Upgrading of Oljoro road
|
3.4
|
6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
50 AC
|
150 CRR
|
200 C1
|
|
| 03
|
Upgrading of Engosheraton – Dampo – Muriet road
|
4.794
|
6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
200 CONC
|
200 C1
|
||
| 6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
50 AC
|
150 CRR
|
200C1
|
||||
| 04
|
Upgrading of Olasiti road
|
3.965
|
6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
50 AC
|
150 CRR
|
200 C1
|
|
| 05
|
Upgrading of Kibo road
|
3.550
|
6.50
|
1.50
|
2.80
|
|
10.80
|
YES
|
50 AC
|
150 CRR
|
200 C1
|
|
| NB:
CW = Carriageway; SH = Shoulder; DT = Ditch; WW = Walkway; TT = Total; AC = Asphalt Concrete; WC = Wearing Couse |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Source: Consultant, 2022
Shoulders along the project road shall be used for pedestrians and cyclists. A 1.5m wide shoulder has been provided to ensure the safety of pedestrians.
Intersection design and control are major factors in improving road safety. The identified and possible accident spots have been considered in the design by providing facilities such as pavement markings, signs, and traffic islands to regulate and direct conflicting traffic streams into specific paths.
The proposed roads alignment generally follows the existing alignment with minor improvements (realignments) due to several factors with key ones indicated below: -
Avoiding sharp curves
Improving road drainage
New locations of Bridges
Improvement of road safety
Reduction of cost of construction
These shall include: Road Signs and Road Markings, Bus Bays, Guardrails and Chutes, Road Humps and Rumble Strips, Road Edge Marker Posts
Project Schedule and Life
Site preparation for the proposed projects in Arusha City Council is expected to start soon after approval of all related studies, engineering designs and environmental clearance and construction tender award in early July 2022. The project life is expected to be 20 years for road projects.
Estimated Project Cost
The proposed Subprojects construction is estimated to cost approximately 57,255,076,800 TSH for Roads subprojects.
Project Cycle
ESIA and RAP, preliminary engineering planning, final engineering planning and construction planning form the planning phase of the project.
The mobilization and construction phase will take place after the issuing of the Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate and once a construction contract with a suitable contractor is signed. The construction phase is expected to be approximately 18- 24 months for the proposed projects.
All efforts will be made to ensure that all construction works will be undertaken in compliance with local and national legislation, local and international best practices, as well as the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
During the construction phase, both skilled and unskilled temporary employment opportunities will be created. Approximately 150-300 direct and indirect employment opportunities are expected to be created during the construction phase.
Once the construction phase is completed, the roads will start to operate to serve the intended purposes. The activities that are expected to be executed during operational phase include:
Transportation of passengers, goods, agriculture produce and services
Traffic management
Road and Facilities maintenance
Water Supply
Water for construction and maintenance of the proposed projects during operation shall be drawn from Arusha Water supply and Sanitation Authority. Alternative suitable sources i.e. Boreholes will be determined based on demand and location/distance from the proposed project site under construction.
Power supply for the proposed project’s construction activities will be provided by TANESCO and generators for performing hot works, lighting etc. During the operation phase of the roads, the project ancillaries might use solar power (especially for road and traffic lights) or connected with TANESCO power lines where necessary.
Quarry and borrow pit sites for the project’s construction materials are within the project’s districts. Other construction materials such as Cement, still bars, gypsum powder, timber etc. shall be purchased from local authorized dealers at the project’s site.
Prior to the approval of the construction and eventual construction of the Project, it is necessary to obtain several authorizations and permits from local and central government authorities of Tanzania as indicated below
Table E- 1: Required Permits from Regulatory Authorities
|
Permit/Authorization |
Issuing Authority |
Description |
| EIA Certificate
|
NEMC/VPO
|
Approval of project implementation
|
| Resettlement Valuation Report
|
Government Chief Valuer
|
To allow compensation and resettlement procedures
|
| AUWASA Infrastructure Relocation Approval
|
AUWASA-Regional Office
|
To waive away construction of the proposed road
|
| TANESCO Infrastructure Relocation Approval
|
TANESCO-Regional Office
|
To waive away construction of the proposed road
|
Several relevant policies and legal documents have been reviewed to ensure that proposed projects for the Arusha city council meet policy and legislative criteria.
World Bank Policies
World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework and its components [Vision for Sustainable Development, World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing, and Environmental and Social Standards].
National Policies:
National Environment Policy 2021, National Employment Policy 2008, National Land Policy, 1997, The Construction Industry Policy 2003, National Mineral Policy 2009, Human Settlement Development Policy 2000, National Water Policy 2002, National Forest Policy 1998, National Agriculture Policy 2013, Agriculture and Livestock Policy 1997, National Action Plan to end Violence against Women and Children (2017/18-2021/22), Policy on HIV/AIDS Policy 2001, National Energy Policy 2015, Women and Gender Development Policy 2000
Legal Framework:
Environmental Management Act (2004), Road Act (2007), Energy and Water Utilities Authority (EWURA) Act (2001), Water Resources Management Act No 11 of (2009), Mining Act 2010, Occupational Health and Safety Act (2003), HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act No. 28/08 (2008), Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments), No. 13 (2006), The Village Land Act (1999), (Identifying Considerations for Women), Land Act No. 2/04 (2004), Amendment of the Land Act (1999), Forestry Act No. 14 (2002), Antiquities Act (1964), The Standards Act No. 2 of 2009, Land Acquisition Act 1967, Revised in 2012, Contractors Registration Act (1997), Engineers Registration Act 1997 (Amendments 2007), Employment and Labour Relations Act (2004), Urban Planning Act (2007), Worker’s Compensation Act (2008), The Sexual Offenses Act 1998, Law of Marriage Act, 1971, Law of the Child Act, 2009
Most of the proposed project roads for the Arusha City council does not fall within any threatened ecosystem, National Protected Areas, Focus Areas or areas of conservation planning.
The construction and operation of the proposed projects especially roadsare expected to increase average daily traffic which will automatically have a significant impact on the climate of the area. Climate change might result in heavy rainfall and extreme temperature increase which can destroy the proposed road in future only if climate change adaptation measures shall not be taken into consideration in the design and construction of the proposed projects.
From the measured data to define the road corridor in proposed project sites' air quality baseline conditions, it can be concluded that the main sources of air pollution at the moment in the project area are stationary i.e. fuel-powered vehicles and fugitive emissions from households in the settlements burning wood for cooking and other purposes.
The predominant average hourly wind direction in Arusha is from the north throughout the year. An increase in the maximum wind during projects operation might lead to an increase in the number of roads and other projects structures crashes. Safe driving practices should be observed during February-March.
The peak daily ultraviolet radiation level changes over the year. In Arusha, the minimum and maximum UV indexes are 10 and 12. Maximum UV effect is experienced in the months of the end of April, October up to December. UV is among the climate variable that will contribute to the early ageing of the asphalt concrete for proposed subprojects roads and structures. Climatic adaptation measures should be considered with regard to the effect of Ultra Violet on asphalt roads and structures.
During the operation of the proposed projects especially roads project, clouds are expected to affect road users as they will reduce road visibility and are likely to influence accidents. Precautions should be made to road users especially from December to May.
It is anticipated that the Noise and vibration will be a negative impact during the construction phase of the site of the proposed project considering the site of the proposed projectis located in the area where residents are nearby, hence noise and vibration impact will have negative and significant impacts.
According to participants of FGDs held during community consultation meetings forms of GBV are as follows:-
Traditions that bound women from ownership of valuable assets like land, farms or house
Wives are being condemned by husbands/ their close relatives for the inability of conceiving and bearing children (infertility)
Parents/guardians ignore children when they wish to express their issues
Psychological torture to male and female children by parents/guardians deprives them of basic needs like school, medical care, clothing, food and accommodation
At working place during project implementation, men tend towards being superior to women who work with them in the same project.
Arusha City Council, like other councils of the Arusha region, has never computed its GDP since it was established. Nevertheless, Arusha City Council makes a significant contribution to the Regional GDP and per capita GDP. According to the 2012 census,the Arusha region was among the top ten regions on the contribution to the national GDP thus economic performance was number 7 among 21 Regions in terms of its contribution to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with 2,132,007 Tzs millions and 4.77 percent. The contribution of the Arusha region to the national GDP remained stagnant at 4.5 percent for three years from 2005 to2007.In the five years from 2008 to 2012, the region did well economically compared to the previous years as its contribution to the country’s’ National Domestic Product (GDP) increased and reach the peak of 4.87 percent in 2010.
Generally, water used by residents along the proposed project sites is safe, the fact that AUWASA is distributing safe water to Arusha residents. There is a big water project currently implemented by AUWASA in Arusha City which aim to make safe water available to all residents and nearby regions of Manyara and Kilimanjaro.
Sanitation facilities indicate health status, as well as socio-economic development. Most of the households along the road use toilets (with soak away pit/septic tank) with permanent structures including walls and roofs. Majority of the household dispose the domestic wastes in pit holes (97.8%), although in some households they throw in farms (2.2%).
The accessibility to health facilities in the proposed project areas is good since almost every ward consulted has a dispensary/hospital. Residents do walk about 1 – 5 km to reach a dispensary/hospital.
The major diseases found in communities along the road corridor include malaria, diarrhea, respiratory infections including coughing, and TB, pneumonia and skin diseases. Malaria is a main killer disease in the project area. With respect to HIV/AIDS infection in Arusha region, HIV/AIDS infection rate is high (6.5% for women and 1.7% for men). Based on the information gathered, the prevalence is 5.1%.
In the project area solid waste management practices involve collection of solid wastes and disposal to Municipal landfill dumpsite located at Muriet area. Liquid waste management is practiced through onsite disposal for most project’s areas but there some resident connected with public sewerage system owned by AUWASA.
The main stakeholders for proposed projects for Arusha City council include; Regional Secretariat of Arusha (RAS-Arusha Region), TANROADS – Arusha, TARURA-Arusha, TANESCO-Arusha, LATRA- Arusha region, District Commissioner’s Offices-Arusha District, Arusha City Council, Arusha Water supply and Sanitation Authority, OSHA-Arusha region, Fire and Rescue force-Arusha region, Ward Executive Officers, Mtaa Executive Officers, residents located along the road (road users: Bodaboda/Bajaj drivers, traders, commuter bus drivers, people with disabilities and teachers, women and children, religious leaders) to mention the few.
The stakeholders in the project area raised the following issues;
Economic Benefits to be realized after Completion of proposed projects:
Improved roads will bring various economic benefits to communities who will perform their business at the project site, living along or near the proposed project. These include; lowering of transport costs i.e. new Daladala routes will be introduced which will pass through project roads and this will reduce transport cost since currently, people use motorcycles as the means of transport which the cost is higher compared to public transport fares, more buses with the good condition will be travelling through this road, reduced soil erosion during the rainy season, reduced travelling time, hence bring economic benefits to businessman and road users. This reduces cost through minimization of fuel consumption and saved time will be used to other economic activities which will benefit them economically.
Proposed Road Design:
To widen road alignment that will accommodate trucks, pedestrians, bicycles and motorcycles, the tarmac road that will accommodate zebra crossings and humps in areas with public institutions like schools, dispensary, etc. since the proposed roads pass along the residents, road signs for specific groups i.e. the deaf, the blind, Bus bays to be placed strategic locations along the road, drainage system for storm water will be constructed to accommodate all storm water, roads light using solar power will be installed and at T-Junction, the traffic light will be provided.
Avoid Disruption of Essential Services by Damaging the Public Facilities:
Some of the services that are being provided to the communities i.e. water supply, electricity and telecommunication will be affected/ or disrupted by the construction of the proposed road. There is a water supply main pipe located at NSK – Daraja Mbili road in Sinoni and Daraja Mbili wards. There is also a waste stabilization pond (WSP) along the Breweries-Lemela-Tanesco road in Lemela ward (4.8 km), contractor should not allow any discharge of oil or greases near the pond during the dry of rainy seasons. Water Abstraction Point for construction; to consider areas far from water intake for community use. To abide by Environmental Act and Guidelines which restrict human activities to be taking place inside 60 meters from the water highest mark.
Relocation of Properties within Road Reserve:
Expropriation of projects affected people’s properties, especially houses. This issue is key and extremely sensitive since it is very costly with prevailing financial circumstances for an individual to put up a house structure. They are assets which are highly valued by the communities
Criteria for Location of Campsites:
Local people should be involved in the selection of the camp site/s. The contractor’s camping site/s should be constructed with permanent building materials. The idea is to use these structures for public services e.g. schools or Mtaa offices at the end of the project's construction phase.
Spread of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections:
Impaired community safety and risk of disease intensifications, especially HIV/AIDS. Arusha City Council to officially make a formal contract with an institution that will be carrying out the HIV/AIDS preventive campaign through the dissemination of relevant and appropriate HIV/AIDS preventive awareness creation seminars, campaigns should be to both workers in particular and the communities, effective collaboration with all stakeholders is paramount for result based HIV/AIDS awareness creation campaigns during construction of the proposed projects.
Gender-Based Violence:
Based on the experiences gained from the rise in incidences of GBV from other construction projects, community members expressed their concerns that during projects construction more people will come to work in the project area and hence may likely fuel gender-based violence in their communities as a result of interactions of people from different cultural backgrounds. They call upon the contractor to emphasize employees of the project to respect human dignity by abiding by traditional customs and norms instead of being the cause of fuelling of GBV related issues in the project area.
Early Pregnancies for School Female Children:
It has been insisted by stakeholders that most of road construction projects have been a major cause of early pregnancies for school female children. The stakeholders proposed some measures to address the situation i.e. parents should instil a culture of educating their children on sex and reproductive health education, abiding to moral and ethical values and also parents should behave responsibly as role models with whom the children can emulate them.
Road Safety Awareness Creation to the Communities:
It has been always observed and witnessed the increase in number of road accidents which are fatal and leave affected with disabilities after the tarmac road is constructed; as proposed tarmac road will claim people’s lives through accidents. The contractor/Arusha City Council (TARURA) to train communities’ leaders on Road Safety Campaign so that they will key community educators to road users by disseminating relevant, right and appropriate information, education and communication to the communities’ members. This goes in conjunction with placement or installation of clear and understandable road signs (preferably in Kiswahili), use of speed humps at resident’s areas and general traffic police surveillance.
Growth of Town/Mtaa:
The project will fuel growth of towns located along the proposed roads. These towns should be assisted by the government in planning (e.g. land use and plot surveying) in order to curb unplanned growth of settlements which directly affect the accessibility of essential public services like supply of clean water and managing waste generated by residents of respective towns and Mtaa along the proposed roads.
Recruitment of Local Labourers during Construction Phase:
Each Ward and Mtaa being transverse should be given first priority in the provision of unskilled and semi-skilled labourers in the proposed projects. The contractor should therefore adhere to the local content policy in executing the project during recruitment of labourers and commodities and services supply chain.
Insurance of Workforce:
Experience gained from other foreign contractors is that they do not provide workplace insurance for casual labourers. In accordance with existing labour laws, Arusha City Council (TARURA) should enforce the contractors to abide with existing laws of the land in safeguarding the safety of the entire workforce at the construction sites to make them well covered by appropriate insurance policies.
Improved Accessibility:
The road will guarantee easy accessibility of road transportation of goods, commodities and people hence, therefore, enabling more physical development. Furthermore, the proposed projects will enable smooth accessibility of roads in town since the roads are located to open up the city centre, hence, no congestion will be caused, easy accessibility of road transportation will occur.
Dust Production, Noisy and Blasting of Rocks during Construction:
Dust production, noise from moving construction equipment/machines and blasting of rocks are inherent to all proposed projects construction works. The contractor(s) must have means to suppress the dust, reduce the level of noise and provide early notification to the communities about the proper time of blasting rocks to obtain gravels.
Building Culture of Protecting Road Infrastructures After Completion of Construction:
It was urged by stakeholders that there is a need of cultivating a culture of safeguarding and protecting the project infrastructures among communities’ members, especially after the completion of road construction. It has been noted in other areas that people have been vandalising road infrastructures i.e. bolts, nuts tied in bridges by selling them as scrap metals.
Environmental Safeguard and Sustainability:
Storm water channels should not be directed to farms or residents since such practice has damaged crops, farming land and houses due to accelerated erosion. It should be directed to the proper water channels that are not polluting the environment. Also, leakage of diesel, oil and other lubricants from construction equipment and machines to road surface and in water sources should be avoided.
Matrices (Activities-Environment Interactions)
Interactions between the project activities and the environment were identified for each stage of the project, by using a matrix
Focused Approach Impacts Mapping/Identification
This is a collaborative process of reflecting the reality along with the proposed projects to find implementable solutions/mitigations to avoid or reduce the impacts.
Climate & Microclimate
Impacts on the microclimate and meteorology of the local areas will be negligible since there will be minor changes in surface reflection and no aerodynamic disturbances.
Air Pollution
Traffic jams that may occur during construction are considered as an indirect source of emissions in the air, especially at proposed project sites. This negative impact has been estimated as temporary with medium size.
Noise & Vibration
The construction of the proposed projects in Arusha City Council area is linked to a series of activities that cause vibrations as a consequence of using construction mechanization.
It is expected that the impacts from vibrations will be insignificant, mostly localized, at the construction sites and limited to the local workers as well as the local species.
Impact on Soil Structure/Topography
The soil may be polluted by inappropriate storing, handling and depositing of waste, as well as by potential leakage of oils during the construction activities.
The impact during the construction phase on soil pollution is assessed as negative with insignificant size and of temporary character.
Soil Erosion
The construction of the proposed projects during setting out of the foundation of the structures, roads and excavation of quarry site mark as the beginning of the race between soil stabilizing factors such as vegetation cover and others which seek to destabilize the existing balance such as increased surface runoff and evaporation.During construction, soil erosion is expected to be low
Impact on Surface Drainage /Hydrology
Changes to the natural drainage system may also occur due to the interception and redirection of the natural watercourses to construct drainage structures or the substructure of bridges/culverts. The effects of these activities are likely to last throughout the operational phase.
The rivers/streams pollution and hydrological impacts are considered to be low to moderate as a result of the project activities.
Impact on Employment
It is expected the construction phase will create employment opportunities and will have a large magnitude, about 250-400 people will be deployed.
Traffic & Road Impacts
Improving roads will lead to increasing number of road users, itis estimatedthat there will be an additional of road users travelled on the proposed roads projects when becomes operational. Due to unsafe driving of road users, it was assumed that number of casualties and fatality due to road accidents will be increased during operation phase of the proposed road sites. The significance of the negative impact on road safety is therefore assessed to be high. As the vehicles volumes increase annually, the accident rate will also increase proportionately.
Occupational Health & Safety Impacts
To avoid and prevent potential adverse impacts on the local communities caused by workforce influx, there will be a low occurrence of off-site accommodation, i.e within the communities.
Impact on Local Life Style
Most of construction activities as a source of air pollution will be located outside the settlements. Due to thisthe impact shall cause only small alteration of Quality of life thus the impact magnitude is estimated to be low.
Due to this, the impact will cause partial loss in Quality of life but it will not adversely affect the integrity. Thus, the impact magnitude is estimated to be low.
Construction activities for proposed projects will have temporary impacts on thetraffic network of the area i.e. Arusha city council, generating increased traffic risks and accidents. Due to this, the impact will cause partial loss in quality of life but it will not adversely affect the integrity. Thus, the impact magnitude is estimated to be medium.
It is estimated that improvement of economic wellbeing as a result of the proposed projects operation will impact the quality of life with high magnitude, by causing improvement of receptor quality.
During the operational phase of the proposed projects, the local economy will benefit through some employment opportunities through development of local economic activities like trading of goods and services etc. Passengers will save money due to the cheaper transport.
Gender Based Violence & Equality
Gender and equality biases in proposed projects may be the basis of differential treatment of persons based on their sex roles, ethnicity, status, religion, race, age, beliefs and disability among other attributes. The impact magnitude is expected to be low of long-term duration
Spread of HIV/AIDS
The HIV/AIDS spread impact on the proposed projects is considered to be long terms with medium significance
Cultural/Religion Values
Disturbance of burial ceremonies and demolition of mosques are not expected during construction phase.
Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment
Climate change will directly affect the proposed projects infrastructure in several ways. High temperatures will cause road and other structures to easily develop cracks within a short period after their construction. Furthermore, higher temperatures combined with increased solar radiation (UV) may reduce the life of the proposed asphalt road surface and projects structures. Additionally, high precipitation will allow new road to easily develop potholes.
The direct impact of climate change on the road and its indirect impact on other economic systems are equally enormous. Poor road resulting from huge potholes can lead to road accidents and delay the transport of foodstuffs, forest produce, and agricultural produce to their intended destinations within or outside Arusha region while vehicular traffic jams can lead to more fuel consumption in addition to huge time loss.
The proposed mitigation measures provide the basis for the development of environmental management plan and monitoring plan for the Project, required to meet World Bank’s and NEMC’s environmental approval and permitting requirements as indicated on tables 7-1 & 8-1 of the main report.
The proposed project has undergone ESIA study as legal requirement under the National Environmental Management Act, 2004 as well as World Bank’s requirement as stipulated in Environmental and Social Framework, 2018.
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study was conducted from December 2021 throughout January 2022 which involved collection of baseline information including secondary data, focused approach impacts mapping, engagement of communities along the proposed roads, impacts identification, impacts evaluation and preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan.
Impacts identified include various categories; physical, biological, social, economic and climate change risks. Evaluation of impacts indicates low magnitude on physical and biological negative impacts. Positive economic impacts are anticipated to be of medium magnitude. Most of Social negative impacts scored low magnitude except those related to Road Users Safety. Evaluation of climate change vulnerability risks indicates medium impacts only if climate adaptation measures will not take into account in the design.
As described in chapter 4 of this report, trends of climate change variables in the project area are varying from year to year, rain/precipitation, temperature and ultraviolet index are expected to increase in future, and functionality of the proposed projects might be under threat of climate change.
It is, therefore, concluded that, implementation of the proposed projects will not cause significant impacts provided that the recommended mitigation measures are adequately and timely put in place. The identified adverse impacts shall be managed through the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring schedules outlined.
Table A- 1; Study Team
| Name
|
Position
|
Reg with NEMC (Reg.No)
|
Signature
|
| Prof. Rubhera RAM Mato
|
Team leader and registered Environmental Expert
|
0009
|
|
| Hamisi S. Msangi
|
Registered Environmental Expert
|
EC/EE-EIA/2018/0026
|
|
| Mr. Robert Kishiki
|
Sociologist
|
None
|
|
| Mr. Elia G. Ghambuna
|
Environmental Engineer
|
None
|
|
| Mr. Osward Oscar
|
Air Quality Expert
|
None
|
|
| Ms. Epheta
|
GBV Specialist
|
None
|
|
The proponent (PO-RALG) recognizes and appreciates the support and advices provided by Consultant and stakeholders during this Environmental Assessment study. Although, it is difficult to mention each and every stakeholder who contributed to support, the institutions below deserve to be mentioned.
First and foremost, the agency would like to give thanks to the Arusha City Council – TACTIC Team for their valuable support on guiding the consultant team towards sites visits and Communities’ Consultations.
Secondly, we would like to appreciate and value cooperation from the project wards communities’ i.e. Olasiti, Muriet, Sinoni, Daraja Mbili, Lemela, Levolosi and Themi for their views, patience and time during consultation and involvement stages.
Lastly we would like to extend our gratitude to all consulted stakeholders that have contributed on completion the ESIA for the proposed projects for Arusha City Council, these include NEMC, ARUWSA, TANESCO, Arusha-Member of Parliament, Arusha City Council, Arusha District Commissioner’s Office, Occupational Safety and Health Authority – Arusha region, Fire and Rescue force – Arusha region, LATRA – Arusha region, TANROADS – Arusha region, TARURA – Arusha region to mention the few.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................... xv
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................ xvi
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... xxii
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... xxv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS............................................................................ xxvi
1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Proponent and Overview................................................................................ 1
1.3 Project Objective......................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Scope of Service........................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Requirements for an ESIA............................................................................................ 2
1.6 ESIA Study Objectives.................................................................................................. 6
1.7 Approach and Methodology....................................................................................... 6
1.7.1 Study Team....................................................................................................... 6
1.7.2 Social Impact Assessment Survey..................................................................... 6
1.7.2.1 Public and Officials Consultations................................................................. 6
1.7.2.2 Observation............................................................................................... 6
1.7.2.3 Documents Review..................................................................................... 7
1.7.2.4 Environmental Impact Assessment............................................................... 7
1.7.2.5 Collection of Baseline Information............................................................... 7
1.7.2.6 Review of Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework for Environmental Management................................................................................................................. 7
1.7.2.7 Impact Identification and Evaluation............................................................ 8
1.8 Assumptions of the Study............................................................................................ 8
1.9 Report Structure........................................................................................................ 8
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Project Location....................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Key Components of the Proposed Projects................................................................ 11
2.3 Road Classification.................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Road Furniture.......................................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Road Signs and Road Markings...................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Bus Bays.......................................................................................................... 11
2.4.3 Guardrails and Chutes.................................................................................... 12
2.4.4 Road Humps and Rumble Strips..................................................................... 12
2.4.5 Road Edge Marker Posts................................................................................. 12
2.4.6 Road Reserve Marker Posts............................................................................ 12
2.5 Project Schedule and Life.......................................................................................... 24
2.6 Estimated Project Cost............................................................................................. 24
2.7 Project Cycle............................................................................................................. 24
2.7.1 Project Planning Phase................................................................................... 24
2.8 Project Mobilization & Construction Phase............................................................. 25
Source: consultant............................................................................................................. 27
2.9 Project Operation Phase............................................................................................ 27
2.10 Demobilization phase............................................................................................ 28
2.11 Construction Materials....................................................................................... 28
2.11.1 Quarry and Borrow Pits.............................................................................. 28
2.11.1.1 Additional Material Sources....................................................................... 29
2.11.1.2 Types & Materials Estimation for the Project............................................... 29
2.11.2 Water Supply.............................................................................................. 30
2.11.3 Power Supply for the Project..................................................................... 30
2.11.4 Storm Water Management....................................................................... 30
2.12 Waste Generation................................................................................................ 30
2.12.1 Solid Wastes............................................................................................... 30
2.12.2 Liquid Waste.............................................................................................. 31
2.13 Required Permits.................................................................................................. 31
3.0 POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...................................................... 32
3.1 Overview................................................................................................................... 32
3.2 World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework................................................ 32
3.2.1 Vision for Sustainable Development.............................................................. 32
3.2.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing 33
3.2.3 Environmental and Social Standards.............................................................. 33
3.2.3.1 Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts;.................................................................. 33
3.2.3.2 Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions;........... 35
3.2.3.3 Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management;....................................................................................... 35
3.2.3.4 Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety;............ 36
3.2.3.5 Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement;................................................................................ 36
3.2.3.6 Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources;..................................................................... 38
3.2.3.7 Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities;................................................. 39
3.2.3.8 Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage;............................... 39
3.2.3.9 Environmental and Social Standard 9: Financial Intermediaries; and.............. 40
3.2.3.10 Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure................................................................................................. 40
3.3 National Policies....................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 The National Environmental Policy (NEP, 2021)............................................ 42
3.3.2 National Employment Policy 2008................................................................. 43
3.3.3 National Land Policy, 1997............................................................................. 43
3.3.4 The Construction Industry Policy 2003........................................................... 44
3.3.5 National Mineral Policy 2009......................................................................... 44
3.3.6 Human Settlement Development Policy 2000............................................... 45
3.3.7 National Water Policy 2002............................................................................ 45
3.3.8 The National Occupational Health and Safety Policy of 2010....................... 46
3.3.9 National Action Plan to end Violence against Women and Children (2017/18-2021/22)........................................................................................................................ 46
3.3.10 Policy on HIV/AIDS Policy 2001.................................................................. 47
3.3.11 National Energy Policy 2015...................................................................... 47
3.3.12 Women and Gender Development Policy 2000......................................... 47
3.3.13 National Transport Policy 2011................................................................. 48
3.3.14 Cultural Property Policy of 1997................................................................ 48
3.3.15 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) II (2015) 48
3.4 Legal Framework.....................................................................................................
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