MRADI WA TACTIC-MASOKO

Start Date: 2024-05-20

End Date: 2024-12-31

Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructures and Competitiveness Project (TACTIC)

Environmental and social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Proposed Urban Infrastructure Investments (Markets, Bus Terminal and Themi Living Garden)under TACTIC Projects in Arusha City Council,Arusha region – Tanzania

Preliminary ESIA ReportSubmitted to:National Environment Management CouncilRegent Estate, Mikocheni, P. O. Box 63154,Dar es Salaam.Tel: +255 22 2774852/ 0713608930;Fax: +255 22 2774901                        E-mail: nemc@nemctz.org

EIA Consultant:WESH Consulting LimitedBlock No. 3, Plot No.105, MakongoJuu St,P.O BOX 35478,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Mob: +255 754 898 592E- mail:weshconsultingltd@gmail.com

Crown TECH-Consult Limited

March, 2022 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYI.BackgroundThe Government of the United Republic of Tanzania through President’s office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) has set aside funds to undertake the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including development of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP as well as to undertake the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the proposed urban infrastructure investments in Arusha City Council, Arusha Region-Tanzania. TACTIC – Arusha consist  construction of roads ((i) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4.8 km of Engosheraton – Dampo – Muriet road in Sinoni Ward, (ii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4 km of Olasiti road in Olasiti Ward (iii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 3.56 km of Kibo road in Olasiti Ward (iv) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 2.7 km of Oljoro road in Muriet Ward (v) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 1.5 km of NSK – Daraja Mbili road in Sinoni and Daraja Mbili Wards (vi) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 4.8 km of Breweries – Lemala – Tanesco road in Lemala Ward, and (vii) Upgrading to asphalt concrete of 2.9 km of Themi – Viwandani road in Themi ward), markets ((i) Development of Morombo Market area in Muriet Ward, and (ii) Development of Kilombero market in Levolosi Ward), Bus terminal and truck parking (Construction of Bus terminal and Trucks parking area at Bondeni City in Muriet Ward) and recreation and farming area (Improvement of existing Themi Living Garden in Themi ward).However, this report deals with Markets, Themi Living Garden and bus terminal and truck parking subprojects in Arusha City Council.The improvement of the proposed infrastructure investment projects is part of the Government strategy to support socio-economic development of the country especially in Arusha City in Arusha region.II.Requirements for an ESIAThese Project falls under the list of projects requiring EIA pursuant to the First Schedule made under Regulation 6(1) of the Environmental Impacts Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 and Regulation 17 of its amendments of 2018.Also, the World Bank requires that all environmental and social risks and impacts of the project be addressed as part of the environmental and social assessment conducted in accordance with Environmental and Social Standards 1, Environmental and Social Standards 2–10 set out the obligations of the Borrower in identifying and addressing environmental and social risks and impacts that may require particular attention. Furthermore, according to ESMF for TACTIC projects state that all sub-projects with substantial and moderate risks shall be required to obtain environmental clearance or EIA certificates by undergoing Procedures for Carrying out EIA and Environmental Audit.

III.Approach and MethodologyThe ESIA methodology was subject to the EIA procedures of Tanzania as per Environmental Impacts Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 and Regulation 17 of its amendments of 2018:IV.Assumptions of the Study •The study assumes that the respondents provided information that are reliable on the implementation of the project;and•The study also assumes that the project contractor of the proposed projects will fully adhere to ESMPV.Key Components of the Proposed SubprojectsKey components of the proposed Subprojects are as follow1.Market projects: Adequate stalls, auction area, toilets, washrooms, restaurants, shops, storm water drainage, Daladalaparking area for loading and offloading (at Kilombero market), renting area and stores and parking.2.Bus terminal and Truck parking: Adequate bus parking lot, passenger waiting area, restaurants, shops, toilets, office spaces, Police and other forces office, resting rooms, fuel service area, adequate truck parking lot and security measures such as fence and CCTV.3.Refreshment area (Themi living Garden): Turf stone walking ways, River gabions, four bridges, green houses, seating benches and over grounding walking ways.Markets designKilombero MarketStallsAdequate provision of market stalls has been provided in the Kilombero market design drawings. The design market stalls are demarcated in zoning whereby each type of goods will be located in one area in the market.  The stalls will in both floors i.e. ground and first floor. The number of stalls provided in the drawings are accommodate all stalls traders currently are available at site. The proposed design of the Kilombero market will have about 564 stalls at ground and first floors.Letting spaceThe proposed market will have adequate space which will allow other businessmen/women letting the space in the Kilombero market. The letting space can be used as kitchen, restaurant, store and banks. Most of the letting spaces are located in the first floor but bank spaces are located in the ground floor.Stairs and RampThe proposed market design provides the stairs and ramps which can be used by all people who want to reach the first floor. Provision of ramps at the market will allow people with special needs such as disable people to have full access to the whole market. The ramps and stairs are located at two side of the proposed Kilombero market. As the market yours goes up to the first floor, the users will have accessibility to the stalls due to the fact that some stalls are located along the ramps area.Provision of Connection BridgeThe Kilombero market, currently located in both side of the Sokoine road but the redevelopment of the Kilombero market is now conducted in only one side. The design of the new redevelopment of Kilombero market provide the future provision of the bridge which will connect the both side of the market. The detail design of the bridge are not yet provided in this stage but provision of the bridge to connect with proposed market is provided in the design at the first floor.Parking areaThe design provides the parking space of the vehicles for the market buyers at the market. It about 15 parking lot are provided in the market and each lot can accommodate about four cars at a time.Loading and offloading area for Daladala Adequate area for loading and offloading for passengers who using public transport especially Daladala. About 50 Daladala will be accommodated at a time.WashroomAdequate provision of washrooms is provided in the proposed Kilombero market. The design of the washroom will accommodate all people including those with special needs such as disable people based on their gender. The proposed washroom are located at each floor of the market and two sides of the Kilombero market. About four provision space for toilet are accommodated in the designs and each space have area of 188m2.Prayer roomDuring stakeholder engagement activities, it was reviled that market users need some area at the market where they can use as the prayer area when they are at market premises. In the design of the Kilombero market, there are space at the first floor where can be used as prayer area. Water storage tanksThere will be an underground tanks and elevated water storage tanks for storing water used at the market, the elevated water storage tanks will be located on the roof of the market at the place where there are concrete slabs while underground water storage tanks will be nearby the market building. The market will have ability for rainy water harvesting so as to use water sustainably.Solid waste collection pointThe adequate area for storing solid waste at the market will be provided to accommodate all type of the solid waste produced at the market.  The storage facilities will be coded with different color and labels according to the type of solid waste such as plastic, paper, garbage etc. this will emphasizing the sorting activities at the site. Women’s RoomThe proposed Kilombero market will have a space which will be used by women’s only. At this place, women will have a change to feed their child for those who having child and other who having special needs will use these rooms. Four rooms will be available at the proposed market and each room will have area of 76m2.OfficesThe proposed market will have two spaces which will be used as the office for market management. Each office space will have area of 33m2.Prayer roomThe proposed Kilombero market will have a space for prayer where by the market users will have a chance to pray at the market. This will allow all Muslim traders and buyers to have chance to practice their religion while they are at market. No need to close their business and travel far away to find the place for prayer. Having the space at the market Morombo Market StallsThe proposed Morombo market area currently occupied with about 700 traders who perform their business of different natures such as traders who selling food, clothes, vegetables, fruits and kitchen apparatus. The design of the proposed market focus to accommodate all current market users and provide other spaces for new traders to come to the market. Hence the design of the market have about 852 stalls at Ground floor and 212 stalls at first floor.Letting spaceThe proposed Morombo market will have adequate letting area at ground and first floor. There are letting area for shops and storage area at the ground floor of the proposed Morombo market while at the first floor there are variety letting space which can be used as shops, restaurants, butchers and offices.Stairs and RampThe proposed Morombo market will have two areas for stairs which located at the two sides of the market and it will have one area for ramps which will enable market accessibility to all users together those with special needs. Parking areaThe design provides the parking space of the vehicles for the market users at the market. It about 50 parking lot are provided in the market.WashroomThe proposed Morombo market will have adequate toilets at each floor of the market and it will be located at one side of the market. The washroom area will contain men and women separate washrooms and at each washroom side will be having toilets for people with special needs. Adequate water and other sanitary facilities will be available at the washrooms.Water storage tankThere will be an underground tanks and elevated water storage tanks for storing water used at the market, the elevated water storage tanks will be located on the roof of the market at the place where there are concrete slabs while underground water storage tanks will be nearby the market building. The market will have ability for rainy water harvesting so as to use water sustainably.Auction areaThe proposed Morombo market will have two space for auction activities which located at the ground floor. Due to the lack of the enough space at the proposed site, the auction areas will be used also as assembly point where is needed.Solid waste collection pointThe adequate area for storing solid waste at the market will be provided to accommodate all type of the solid waste produced at the market.  The storage facilities will be coded with different color and labels according to the type of solid waste such as plastic, paper, garbage etc. this will emphasizing the sorting activities at the site. Prayer roomThe proposed Morombo market will have a space for prayer where by the market users will have a chance to pray at the market. This will allow all Muslim traders and buyers to have chance to practice their religion while they are at market. No need to close their business and travel far away to find the place for prayer. Having the space at the market Offices/First Aid RoomThe proposed market will have two spaces which will be used as the office for market management. Each office space will have area of 27m2. This space will be also used as first aid room in case of emergency happen in the market before send the victim to the hospital.  Market management team will have a trained and authorized personnel who will be responsible for handling the emergency.Themi Living Garden DesignWalking ways with Turf stone and Grasses.The current situation of the Themi living garden walking ways are occupied of muddy and slippery surface especially during the rainy season. Provision of walking ways with turf stone and grasses at some part will emphasize the conformability and safety of the users as well as allowing the infiltration of water at the area where there is grasses as it shown in the figure 0-1 below. The provision of walking ways with Turf stones and grasses will allow infiltration of storm water and avoiding slippery of people when passing through. Currently, walking ways at Themi living garden have paved with concrete stairs and whole ways are naturally which prevent water to not infiltrate and be very slippery during rainy season.

Figure 0- 1: Proposed walking way with Turf stones and grassesFigure 0- 2: Concrete stairs available at Themi living garden. Source, consultant 2021.

River Banks ProtectionIt was observed that there are soil erosion occurred at the river banks crossing the Themi living garden. In the proposed design of improvement Themi living garden, the provision of gabion at the river banks were proposed as the mitigation measures for soil erosion around Themi living garden river banks.

Figure 0- 3: Soil erosion of river banks at Themi living garden. Source, Consultant 2021.Figure 0- 4: proposed river Bank protection at Themi living garden

BridgesThere is river passing across Themi living garden area hence bring a need of having bridges which help people to access all parts of the area. Currently there is a single bridge as it shown in figure 0-2. The proposed design of the Themi living garden have additional of three bridges which will ensure smoothing passing of people.

Figure 0-4: proposed position of additional bridges at Themi living Garden.

Green housesThe Themi living garden area is designed into two parts, one part is for recreation activities and another part is for farming activities. Installation of greenhouses which will be used for farming of vegetation it will occur at farming part. This green houses will not disturb the nature of the area since will be constructed at the tree area without destruct the tree itself. The vegetation obtained from these proposed green houses will be cooked to serve the people who will visit the garden during lunch. About 12 green houses will be constructed at the proposed project area and each green house will have 13m2.seating benches Additional seating benches are provided in the design for improving Themi living garden. The visitor will have a place to seat when they visit the garden.

Figure 0- 5: Existing seating benches at Themi living garden. Source: Consultant, 2021.Figure 0- 6: Proposed additional seating benches at Themi living garden.Upper walking waysThe proposed design for improving of Themi living garden provide upper walking ways of which Themi living garden visitors will have the chance of walking above the ground while enjoying the nature of Themi living garden. The proposed upper walking ways will not cause any environmental pollution such as cutting the trees, it will be installed at the area of less trees and vegetation.

Figure 0- 7: The proposed upper walking ways at Themi Living Garden.VI.Project Schedule and LifeSite preparation for the proposed projects in Arusha City Council is expected to start soon after approval of all related studies, engineering designs and environmental clearance and construction tender award in early July 2022. The subprojects life is expected to be more than 50 years.VII.Estimated Project CostThe proposed Subprojects construction is estimated to cost approximately 51,561,584,300 TSH of which 28,149,493,740 TSH for Bus terminal and truck parking project, and 23,412,090,600 TSH for markets subprojects.VIII.Project Cycle–Project Planning PhaseESIA and RAP, preliminary engineering planning, final engineering planning and construction planning form the planning phase of the project.–Project Mobilization & Construction PhaseThe mobilization and construction phase will take place subsequent to the issuing of Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate and once a construction contract with a suitable contractor is signed. The construction phase is expected to be approximately 18- 24 months for the proposed projects.All efforts will be made to ensure that all construction works will be undertaken in compliance with local and national legislation, local and international best practice, as well as the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).During the construction phase, both skilled and unskilled temporary employment opportunities will be created. Approximately 350-500 direct and indirect employment opportunities are expected to be created during the construction phase. i.Water SupplyWater for construction and maintenance of the proposed projects during operation shall be obtained from Arusha Water supply and Sanitation Authority. Alternative suitable sources i.e. Boreholes will be determined based on demand and location/distance from the proposed project site under construction.ii.Power Supply for the ProjectPower supply for the proposed project’s construction activities will be provided by TANESCO and generators for per-forming hot works, lighting etc. For markets, bus terminal and Themi living garden, the project activities will use power from TANESCO and generators for lighting, cold rooms for storage (at the market), running machines etc.iii.Sources for Construction MaterialsQuarry and borrow pit sites for the project’s construction materials are within the project’s districts. Other construction materials such as Cements, still bars, gypsum powder, timber etc. shall be purchased from local authorized dealers at project’s site. iv.Required PermitsPrior to the approval of the construction and eventual construction of the Project, it is necessary to obtain a number of authorizations and permits from local and central government authorities of Tanzania  as indicated belowTable E- 1: Required Permits from Regulatory AuthoritiesPermit/AuthorizationIssuing AuthorityDescriptionEIA CertificateNEMC/VPOApproval of project implementationBuilding PermitLGA – ACCApproval of project designTANESCO Infrastructure Relocation ApprovalTANESCO-Regional OfficeTo waive away construction of the proposed Bus terminal and truck parking.–Project Operation PhaseOnce the construction phase is completed, the proposed projects will start to operate to serve the intended purposes. The activities that are expected to be executed during operational phase include:•Selling of goods and services•Enjoyment and refreshmentIX.Policy, Legal & Administrative FrameworkSeveral relevant policies and legal documents have been reviewed to ensure that proposed projects for Arusha city council meets policy and legislative criteria.X.World Bank PoliciesWorld Bank's Environmental and Social Framework and its components [Vision for Sustainable Development, World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing, and Environmental and Social Standards].XI.National Policies:National Environment Policy 1997, National Employment Policy 2008, National Land Policy, 1997, The Construction Industry Policy 2003, National Mineral Policy 2009, Human Settlement Development Policy 2000, National Water Policy 2002, National Forest Policy 1998, National Agriculture Policy 2013, Agriculture and Livestock Policy 1997, National Action Plan to end Violence against Women and Children (2017/18-2021/22), Policy on HIV/AIDS Policy 2001, National Energy Policy 2015, Women and Gender Development Policy 2000.XII.Legal Framework:Environmental Management Act (2004), Energy and Water Utilities Authority (EWURA) Act (2001), Water Resources Management Act No 11 of (2009), Mining Act 2010, Occupational Health and Safety Act (2003), HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act No. 28/08 (2008), Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments), No. 13 (2006), Land Act No. 2/04 (2004), Amendment of the Land Act (1999), Forestry Act No. 14 (2002), Antiquities Act (1964), The Standards Act No. 2 of 2009, Land Acquisition Act 1967, Revised in 2012, Contractors Registration Act (1997), Engineers Registration Act 1997 (Amendments 2007), Employment and Labour Relations Act (2004), Urban Planning Act (2007), Worker’s Compensation Act (2008), The Sexual Offenses Act 1998, Law of Marriage Act, 1971, Law of the Child Act, 2009XIII.Findingsa)Sensitivity ScreeningMost of the proposed projects for Arusha City council does not fall within any threatened ecosystem, National Protected Areas, Focus Areas or areas of conservation planning except for the project of improvement of Themi living garden which classified as hotspot area for ecological conservation within Arusha City. b)Climatic & Microclimate Condition.The construction and operation of the proposed Subproject especially of bus terminal and truck parking area is expected to increase an average daily traffic which will automatically have significant impact on the climate of the area. Improvement of Kilombero and Morombo market by providing Cold rooms will also expected to increase greenhouse gases which may lead to climate change. Climate change might result into heavy rainfall and extreme temperature increase which can destroy these proposed infrastructure projects in future only if climate change adaptation measures shall not be taken into consideration on the design and construction of the proposed projects.c)Air QualityFrom the measured data to define the proposed project sites (Markets, Bus terminal and Themi Living Garden) air quality baseline conditions, it can be concluded that the main sources of air pollution at the moment in the project area are stationary sources i.e. fuel powered vehicles especially at Kilombero Market where there is Bus terminal, and fugitive emissions from kiosk/restaurantsespecially at Morombo market area where many people burning wood/charcoal for cooking (especially “NYAMA CHOMA”) and other purposes. At Themi living garden at currently there is women group which used to cook and sell the food at the garden, cooking by using wood will act as the source of air pollution at the moment. d)Wind Speed & DirectionThe predominant average hourly wind direction in Arusha is from the north throughout the year. An increase in maximum wind during projects operation might lead to an increase in the number of roads and other projects structures crashes. Safe driving practices should be observed during February-March.e)Ultra VioletThe peak daily ultraviolet radiation level changes over the year. In Arusha, the minimum and maximum UV index are 10 and 12. Maximum UV effect is experienced in the months of end of April, October up to December. UV is among the climate variable that will contribute to early aging of the asphalt concrete for proposed Subprojects roads and structures. Climatic adaptation measures should be considered with regard to the effect of Ultra Violet on asphalt roads and structures.f)Clouds and HumidityDuring operation of the proposed projects especially roads project, clouds are expected to affect road users as it will reduce road visibility and likely to influence accidents. Precautions should be made to road users especially during December to May.g)Noise & VibrationIt is anticipated that the Noise and vibration will be the negative impact during construction phase of the proposed projects site considering the proposed projects site located at the area where workplaces are nearby. Proposed market sites is the area where there is a significant amount of people during the day, hence noise and vibration impact will have negative and significant impacts. h)Gender Based ViolenceAccording to participants of FGDs held during community consultation meetings forms of GBV are as follows:-•Traditions that bound women from ownership of valuable assets like land, farms or house•Wives are being condemned by husbands/ their close relatives for inability of conceiving and bearing children (infertility)•Parents/guardians ignoring children when they wish to express their person issues•Psychological torture to male and female children by parents/guardians depriving them to basic needs like school, medical care, clothing, food and accommodation•At working place during project implementation, men has the tendency of being superior to women who work with them in the same project.  i)Regional per Capital GDPArusha City Council, like other councils of Arusha region, has never computed its GDP since it was established. Nevertheless, Arusha City Council makes significant contribution to the Regional GDP and per capita GDP. According to 2012 census Arusha region was among the top ten regions on the contribution to the national GDP thus economic performance was number 7 among 21 Regions in terms of its contribution to the country’s’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with 2,132,007 Tzs millions and 4.77 percent. The contribution of the Arusha region to the national GDP remained stagnant at 4.5 percent for three years from 2005 to2007.In the five years from 2008 to 2012 the region did well economically compared to the previous years as its contribution to the country’s’ National Domestic Product (GDP) increased and reach the peak of 4.87 percent in 2010. j)Access to Clean and Safe Water and Sanitation Generally, water used by residents along the proposed project sites is safe, the fact that AUWASA is distributing safe water to Arusha residents. There is a big water project currently implemented by AUWASA in Arusha City which aim to make safe water available to all residents and nearby regions of Manyara and Kilimanjaro.Sanitation facilities give an indication of health status, as well as socio-economic development. Most of the households along the road use toilets (with soak away pit/septic tank) with permanent structures including walls and roofs. Majority of the household dispose the domestic wastes in pit holes (97.8%), although in some households they throw in farms (2.2%). k)Health Services The accessibility to health facilities in the proposed project areas is good since almost every ward consulted has dispensary/hospital. Residents do walk about 1 – 5 km to reach a dispensary/hospital. l)Diseases & HIV/AIDS PrevalenceThe major diseases found in communities along the proposed Subprojects area include malaria, diarrhea, respiratory infections including coughing, and TB, pneumonia and skin diseases. Malaria is a main killer disease in the project area. With respect to HIV/AIDS infection in Arusha region, HIV/AIDS infection rate is high (6.5% for women and 1.7% for men). Based on the information gathered, the prevalence is 5.1%. m)Waste Management & DisposalIn the project area solid waste management practices involve collection of solid wastes and disposal to Municipal landfill dumpsite located at Muriet area. Liquid waste management is practiced through onsite disposal for most project’s areas but there some resident connected with public sewerage system owned by AUWASA. XIV.Stakeholders Engagement a)Stakeholders IdentificationThe main stakeholders for proposed projects for Arusha City council include; Regional Secretariat of Arusha (RAS-Arusha Region), TARURA-Arusha, TANESCO-Arusha Region, District Commissioner’s Offices-;Arusha District, Arusha City Council, Arusha Water supply and Sanitation Authority, OSHA-Arusha region, Fire and Rescue force-Arusha region, Ward Executive Officers, Mtaa Executive Officers, Market leaders for Kilombero and Morombo market, traders, commuter bus drivers, people with disabilities and teachers, women and children, religious leaders to mention the few.b)Major Issues Raised by StakeholdersThe stakeholders in the project area raised the following issues; 1.Economic Benefits to be realized after Completion of proposed projects: Improved markets, bus terminal and Themi living garden will bring various economic benefits to communities who will perform their business at the project site, living along or near the proposed project. These include; lowering of transport costs i.e. new Daladala routes will be introduced which will pass through various area to reach proposed Bus terminal and Truck parking, reduced soil erosion during rainy season due to the fact that the river banks will be equipped with gabions, good environment at market will attract more people at the market to purchase their goods and services hence bring economic benefits to businessmen and women at the market. Improvement of Themi living garden will attract more tourist in Arusha especial at the site who will purchase different goods and service available at the site hence will increase income to individuals and government in general through taxes and other statutory levies paid by tourist. Construction of bus terminal and truck parking will reduce travel time spent at the road due to congestion caused by Buses and truck within the Arusha city. Bus terminal and truck parking area at Bondeni city will make the roads at town to not be crowded and facilitate smooth transportation of people and goods with short time travel hence reduce cost through minimization of fuel consumption and saved time will be used to other economic activities which will benefit them economically.2.Proposed Market Design: Redevelopment of the marketsshould be construction of permanent market structure that will accommodate different traders of different goods and services such as vegetable, fruits, mobile money business, shops etc. the market shall have accommodate adequate toilets based on gender, storage rooms, stalls, storm water drainage system and parking area.3.Avoid Disruption of Essential Services by Damaging the Public Facilities:Some of the services that are being provided to the communities i.e. water supply, electricity and telecommunication will be affected/ or disrupted by the proposed Subprojects construction. There is TANESCO transmission line passes at the proposed site of Bus terminal and truck area which may require to be reallocated so as to pave the way for the implementation of the Subproject. Water Abstraction Point for construction; to consider on areas far from water intake for community use. To abide to Environmental Act and Guidelines which restrict human activities to be taking place inside 60 meters from water highest mark.4.Relocation of Properties within Subprojects area: The proposed Subprojects for markets and Themi living garden are currently occupied by traders who will required to be reallocated to other area so as to allow implementation of the proposed projects to take place.  The reallocation process should involve the local people in the selection of the temporary site and it should be documented properly. 5.Spread of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections:Impaired community safety and risk of disease intensifications, especially HIV/AIDS. Arusha City Council to officially make a formal contract with institution that will be carrying out the HIV/AIDS preventive campaign through dissemination of relevant and appropriate HIV/AIDS preventive awareness creation seminars, campaigns should be to both workers in particular and the communities, effective collaboration with all stakeholders is paramount for result based HIV/AIDS awareness creation campaigns during construction of the proposed projects.6.Gender Based Violence: Based on the experiences gained from the rise on incidences of GBV from other construction projects, community members expressed their concerns that during projects construction more people will come to work in the project area and hence may likely fuel gender based violence in their communities as a result of interactions of people from different cultural backgrounds. They call upon the contractor to emphasize employees of the project to respect to human dignity by abiding to traditional customs and norms instead of being the cause of fuelling of GBV related issues in the project area. 7.Early Pregnancies for School Female Children: It has been insisted by stakeholders that most of construction projects have been a major cause of early pregnancies for school female children. The stakeholders proposed some measures to address the situation i.e. parents should instil a culture of educating their children on sex and reproductive health education, abiding to moral and ethical values and also parents should behave responsibly as role models with whom the children can emulate them.  8.Recruitment of Local Labourers during Construction Phase:Each Ward and Mtaa being transverse should be given first priority in the provision of unskilled and semi-skilled labourers in the proposed projects. The contractor should therefore adhere to local content policy in executing the project during recruitment of labourers and commodities and services supply chain. 9.Insurance of Workforce:Experience gained from other foreign contractors is that they do not provide workplace insurance for casual labourers. In accordance with existing labour laws, Arusha City Council (TARURA) should enforce the contractors to abide with existing laws of the land in safeguarding safety of entire workforce at the construction sites to make them well covered by appropriate insurance policies.10.Improved Accessibility:The road will guarantee easy accessibility of road transportation of goods, commodities and people hence therefore enabling more physical development. Furthermore, the markets will guarantee hygienic environment to the users and traders hence will improve the accessibility of goods and services at the markets. Improvement of Themi living garden will have positive impact on accessibility to many people at Arusha who will visit the site for refreshment and enjoyment purpose. Bus terminal and truck parking area at Bondeni City will enable smooth accessibility of roads in town since the current bus terminal located at the city centre hence create congestion and disturbance to another road user. The proposed bus terminal project is located outside the town centre hence no congestion will be caused, easy accessibility of road transportation will occur.11.Dust Production, Noisy and Blasting of Rocks during Construction:Dust production, noise from moving construction equipment / machines and blasting of rocks are inherent to all proposed projects construction works. The contractor(s) must have means to supress the dust, reduce the level of noise and provide early notification to the communities about the proper time of blasting rocks to obtain gravels. 12. Temporary reallocation of market traders during construction phase: It was urged by stakeholders that the current traders at the markets will be reallocated at the other area to pave the way for construction activities to take place. Furthermore, it was urged that the traders at Morombo markets will be reallocated at the area which located nearby the existing Morombo market while the traders at Kilombero market will be reallocated at the other side market of Kilombero market. At reallocation area especially Morombo market traders, the proposed reallocation area should have all basic structures such as toilets for both male and female.   13.Environmental Safeguard and Sustainability: Storm water channels should not be directed to farms or residents since such practice has damaged crops, farming land and houses due to accelerated erosion. It should be directed to the proper water channels that are not polluting environment. Also, leakage of diesel, oil and other lubricants from construction equipment and machines to road surface and in water sources should be avoided.

Identification Methods for Project ImpactsMatrices (Activities-Environment Interactions)Interactions between the project activities and the environment were identified for each stage of the Subproject, by using a matrix

Focused Approach Impacts Mapping/IdentificationThis is a collaborative process of reflecting the reality along the proposed Subprojects in order to find implementable solutions/mitigations to avoid or reduce the impacts.Climate & MicroclimateImpacts on the microclimate and meteorology of the local areas will be negligible since there will be minor changes in surface reflection and no aerodynamic disturbances.Air PollutionTraffic jams that may occur during construction are considered as indirect source of emissions in the air especially at proposed Subproject sites. This negative impact has been estimated as temporary with medium size.Noise & VibrationConstruction of the proposed Subprojects in Arusha City Council area is linked to a series of activities that cause vibrations as a consequence of using construction mechanization. It is expected that the impacts from vibrations will be insignificant, mostly localized, at the construction sites and limited to the local workers as well as the local species.Impact on Soil Structure/TopographyThe soil may be polluted by inappropriate storing, handling and depositing of waste, as well as by potential leakage of oils during the construction activities. The impact during the construction phase on soil pollution is assessed as negative with insignificant size and of temporary character.Soil ErosionThe construction of the proposed Subprojects during setting out of the foundation of the structuresand excavation of quarry site mark as the beginning of the race between soil stabilizing factors such as vegetation cover and others which seek to destabilize the existing balance such as increased surface runoff and evaporation.During construction, soil erosion is expected to be lowImpact on Surface Drainage /HydrologyChanges to the natural drainage system may also occur due to the interception and redirection of the natural watercourses in order to construct drainage structures. The effects of these activities are likely to last throughout the operational phase. The rivers/streams pollution and hydrological impacts are considered to be low to moderate as a result of the Subproject activities.Impact on EmploymentIt is expected the construction phase will create employment opportunities and will have a large magnitude, about 350-500 people will be deployed.  Traffic & Road ImpactsDuring the construction of Markets and Bus terminal Subprojects there will be a movement of many vehicle and machines which carries construction materials in and out the subprojects area, this may cause accidents or traffic impacts if are not properly managed.  The significance of the  negative  impact  on  road  safety  is  therefore  assessed  to  be  high.  The contractors shall deploy the flag workers who will be responsible to manage the movement of vehicles/machines goes in and out the subprojects area.Occupational Health & Safety ImpactsIn order to avoid and prevent potential adverse impact on the local communities caused by workforce influx, there will be low occurrence of off–site accommodation, i.e. within the communities.Impact on Local Life StyleMost  of  construction  activities  as  a  source  of  air  pollution  will  be  located  outside  the settlements.    Due  to    this  the  impact  shall  cause  only  small  alteration  of  Quality  of  life  thus the  impact  magnitude  is estimated  to  be  low.  i.Noise   Due  to  this,  the  impact  will  cause  partial  loss  in  Quality  of  life but  it  will  not  adversely  affect  the  integrity.  Thus the impact magnitude is estimated to be low.ii.Safety    Construction  activities for proposed projects  will  have  temporary  impacts  on  the  traffic  network  of  the  area i.e. Arusha city council,  generating  increased    traffic  risks  and  accidents.  Due  to  this,  the  impact  will  cause  partial  loss  in  quality  of  life  but  it  will  not  adversely  affect  the  integrity.  Thus the impact magnitude is estimated to be medium.  iii.Improvement  of  Quality  of  Life  Due  to  Changes  in  Economic  Well‐Being      It is estimated that improvement of economic wellbeing as a result of the proposed projects operation will impact the quality of life with high magnitude, by causing improvement of receptor quality.During the operational phase of the proposed projects, the local economy will benefit through some employment opportunities through development of local economic activities like trading of goods and services etc. due to better access to improved markets, bus terminal and . Passengers should save money due to the cheaper transport.

Gender Based Violence & EqualityGender and equality biases in proposed projects may be the basis of differential treatment of persons based on their sex roles, ethnicity, status, religion, race, age, beliefs and disability among other attributes. The impact magnitude is expected to be low of long-term durationSpread of HIV/AIDSThe HIV/AIDS spread impact on the proposed projects is considered to be long terms with medium significanceCultural/Religion ValuesDisturbance of burial ceremonies and demolition of mosques are not expected during construction phase.Climate Risk Vulnerability AssessmentClimate change will directly affect the proposed projects infrastructure in several ways. High temperatures will cause road and other structures to easily develop cracks within a short period after their construction. Furthermore, higher temperatures combined with increased solar radiation (UV) may reduce the life of the proposed asphalt road surface and projects structures. Additionally, high precipitation will allow new road to easily develop potholes.The direct impact of climate change on the road and its indirect impact on other economic systems are equally enormous. Poor road resulting from huge potholes can lead to road accidents and delay the transport of foodstuffs, forest produce, and agricultural produce to their intended destinations within or outside Arusha region while vehicular traffic jams can lead to more fuel consumption in addition to huge time loss. v.Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)The proposed mitigation measures provide the basis for the development of environmental management plan and monitoring plan for the Project, required to meet World Bank’s and NEMC’s environmental approval and permitting requirements as indicated on tables 7-1 & 8-1 of the main report.

vi.Summary and ConclusionThe proposed project has undergone ESIA study as legal requirement under the National Environmental Management Act, 2004 as well as World Bank’s requirement as stipulated in Environmental and Social Framework, 2018.Preliminary/Draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study was conducted from December 2021  throughout March 2022 which involved collection of baseline information including secondary data, focused approach impacts mapping, engagement of communitiesat the markets, Bus terminal and Themi living garden, impacts identification, impacts evaluation and preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan.Impacts identified include various categories; physical, biological, social, economic and climate change risks. Evaluation of impacts indicates low magnitude on physical and biological negative impacts. Positive economic impacts are anticipated to be of medium magnitude. Most of Social negative impacts scored low magnitude except those related to Road Users Safety. Evaluation of climate change vulnerability risks indicates medium impacts only if climate adaptation measures will not take into account in the design.As described in chapter 4 of this report, trends of climate change variables in the project area are varying from year to year, rain/precipitation, temperature and ultraviolet index are expected to increase in future, and functionality of the proposed projects might be under threat of climate change.It is, therefore, concluded that, implementation of the proposed projects will not cause significant impacts provided that the recommended mitigation measures are adequately and timely put in place.  The identified adverse impacts shall be managed through the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring schedules outlined.

Table E- 2; Study TeamNamePositionReg with NEMC (Reg.No)SignatureProf. Rubhera RAM MatoTeam leader and registered Environmental Expert0009

Hamisi S. MsangiRegistered Environmental ExpertEC/EE-EIA/2018/0026Mr. Robert KishikiSociologistNoneMr. EliaG. GhambunaEnvironmental EngineerNoneMr. Osward OscarAir Quality ExpertNoneMs. EphetaGBV SpecialistNone

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe proponent (PO-RALG) recognizes and appreciates the support and advices provided by Consultant and stakeholders during this Environmental Assessment study. Although, it is difficult to mention each and every stakeholder who contributed to support, the institutions below deserve to be mentioned.  First and foremost, the agency would like to give thanks to the Arusha City Council – TACTIC Team for their valuable support on guiding the consultant team towards sites visits and Communities’ Consultations. Secondly, we would like to appreciate and value cooperation from the project wards communities’ i.e.Muriet, Levolosi and Themi for their views, patience and time during consultation and involvement stages.Lastly we would like to extend our gratitude to all consulted stakeholders that have contributed on completion the ESIA for the proposed projects for Arusha City Council, these include NEMC, ARUWSA, TANESCO, Arusha-Member of Parliament, Arusha City Council, Arusha District Commissioner’s Office, Occupational Safety and Health Authority – Arusha region, Fire and Rescue force – Arusha region, LATRA – Arusha region, TARURA – Arusha region to mention the few.

TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYIACKNOWLEDGEMENTXXITABLE OF CONTENTSXXIIILIST OF TABLESXXIXLIST OF FIGURESXXXILIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMSXXXV1.0INTRODUCTION241.1BACKGROUND241.2PROJECT PROPONENT AND OVERVIEW241.3PROJECT OBJECTIVE251.4SCOPE OF SERVICE251.5REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ESIA251.6ESIA STUDY OBJECTIVES271.7APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY271.7.1Study Team271.7.2Social Impact Assessment Survey271.7.2.1Public and Officials Consultations271.7.2.2Observation281.7.2.3Documents Review281.7.2.4Environmental Impact Assessment281.7.2.5Collection of Baseline Information281.7.2.6Review of Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework for Environmental Management281.7.2.7Impact Identification and Evaluation291.8ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY291.9REPORT STRUCTURE292.0PROJECT DESCRIPTION312.1PROJECT LOCATION312.1.1Subprojects’ Markets Construction312.1.1.1Kilombero Market Construction322.1.1.2MOROMBO MARKET Construction332.1.2Construction of Bus Terminal and Trucks parking area352.1.3Improvement of existing Themi Living Garden in Themi Ward362.2PROJECT SCHEDULE AND LIFE372.3ESTIMATED PROJECT COST372.4PROJECT CYCLE372.4.1Project Planning Phase372.5PROJECT MOBILIZATION & CONSTRUCTION PHASE39SOURCE: CONSULTANT412.6PROJECT OPERATION PHASE412.7DEMOBILIZATION PHASE422.8CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS432.8.1Quarry and Borrow Pits432.8.1.1Additional Material Sources432.8.1.2Types & Materials Estimation for the Project432.8.2Water Supply442.8.3Power Supply for the Project442.8.4Storm Water Management442.9WASTE GENERATION442.9.1Solid Wastes452.9.2Liquid Waste452.10REQUIRED PERMITS453.0POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK473.1OVERVIEW473.2WORLD BANK'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK473.2.1Vision for Sustainable Development473.2.2World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing483.2.3Environmental and Social Standards483.2.3.1Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts;483.2.3.2Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions;503.2.3.3Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management;503.2.3.4Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety;513.2.3.5Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement;523.2.3.6Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources;533.2.3.7Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities;543.2.3.8Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage;553.2.3.9Environmental and Social Standard 9: Financial Intermediaries; and563.2.3.10Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure563.3NATIONAL POLICIES573.3.1The National Environmental Policy (NEP, 2021)583.3.2National Employment Policy 2008593.3.3National Land Policy, 1997593.3.4The Construction Industry Policy 2003603.3.5National Mineral Policy 2009603.3.6Human Settlement Development Policy 2000613.3.7National Water Policy 2002613.3.8National Action Plan to end Violence against Women and Children (2017/18-2021/22)623.3.9Policy on HIV/AIDS Policy 2001623.3.10National Energy Policy 2015633.3.11Women and Gender Development Policy 2000633.3.12National Transport Policy 2011643.4LEGAL FRAMEWORK643.4.1Environmental Management Act (2004)643.4.2Road Act (2007)653.4.3Energy and Water Utilities Authority (EWURA) Act (2001)673.4.4Water Resources Management Act No 11 of (2009)673.4.5Mining Act 2010683.4.6Occupational Health and Safety Act (2003)693.4.7HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act No. 28/08 (2008)713.4.8Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments), No. 13 (2006)713.4.9The Village Land Act (1999), (Identifying Considerations for Women)723.4.10Land Act No. 2/04 (2004), Amendment of the Land Act (1999)733.4.11Antiquities Act (1964)733.4.12The Standards Act No. 2 of 2009743.4.13Land Acquisition Act 1967, Revised in 2012743.4.14Contractors Registration Act (1997)753.4.15Engineers Registration Act 1997 (Amendments 2007)763.4.16Employment and Labour Relations Act (2004)763.4.17Explosives Act (1963)773.4.18Urban Planning Act (2007)783.4.19Worker’s Compensation Act (2008)793.4.20The Sexual Offenses Act 1998803.4.21Law of Marriage Act, 1971813.4.22Law of the Child Act, 2009813.4.23The Valuation and Valuers Registration Act, 2016 & Regulations No:10813.4.24The Valuation and Valuer Regulations of 2018823.4.25The Land (Assessment of the Value of Land for Compensation) Regulations, 2001823.4.26Land Use Planning Act (2007)833.4.27The Environmental Management (Hazardous Control and Management) Regulation 2009833.5ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK833.5.1National Environmental Authorities843.5.2Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlement Development883.5.2.1Survey and Mapping Division883.5.2.2Local Government Authorities893.5.2.3Government Chief Valuer893.6OTHER AUTHORITIES RELEVANT TO INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT904.0ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL BASELINE914.1OVERVIEW914.2SOURCES & METHODOLOGIES FOR DATA COLLECTION914.3AREA OF INFLUENCE914.4DIRECT AREA OF INFLUENCE924.5INDIRECT AREA OF INFLUENCE924.6PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT924.6.1Climatic & Microclimate Condition924.6.2Atmospheric Condition944.6.2.1Air Quality944.6.3Wind Speed & Direction1014.6.4Ultra Violet1024.6.5Noise1024.6.6Topography and Drainage1044.6.7Regional Soils & Geology1054.7BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT1054.7.1Surface Water1064.7.2Ground Water1064.7.3Biodiversity1064.7.4Natural Vegetation1074.7.5Terrestrial Fauna1074.8SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT1074.8.1Social Profile1074.8.1.1Trade and Business1084.8.1.2Health1094.8.1.3Education1094.8.1.4Water Supply1094.8.1.5Solid waste management1104.8.1.6Transport1104.8.1.7Energy1104.9GDP AND PER CAPITAL GDP1114.9.1Poverty Indicators1124.9.2Income Poverty Rate, Poverty Gap and Gini Coefficient1124.9.3Main Sources of Cash Income1124.9.4Literacy Rate and Level of Education1134.9.5Main Sources of Cash Income1144.9.6Food Consumption Patterns1144.9.6.1Number of Meals per Day1144.9.6.2Protein (Meat and Fish) Consumption Frequencies1154.9.6.3Food Security1164.9.6.4Access to Clean Drinking Water1164.9.7Types of Toilets1174.9.8Roofing Materials1174.10SOURCES OF LIGHTING ENERGY1184.11SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR COOKING1184.12GENDER BASED VIOLENCE1194.12.1Responses of GBV in Project Communities1194.12.1.1Existing GBV Situation on Project Communities1194.13ARUSHA CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING1214.13.1Land1214.13.1.1Characteristics ofthe landresource1214.14FORESTS AND NATURAL VEGETATION1214.15ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREAS1224.15.1Environmental condition of Subproject for Bus terminal and truck parking area1224.15.2Environmental conditions of subproject for Development of Kwa Morombo market area in Muriet ward1234.15.3Environmental condition at proposed subproject site for redevelopment of Kilombero Market1244.15.4Improvement of existing Themi Living Garden in Themi ward1254.16BASELINE FOR OFF-SITE FACILITIES1264.16.1Borrow Pits for Sand1264.16.2Borrow Pits for Gravel1274.16.3Quarry Site1285.0STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATIONS & PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT1295.1OVERVIEW1295.2OBJECTIVES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND ENGAGEMENT1295.3METHODOLOGY1295.3.1Desk Study-Documents Review1295.3.2Stakeholders Consultations1295.3.3Project’s Levels of Public Engagement and Consultations1305.3.3.1Stakeholders Identification1305.3.3.2Stakeholders Analysis1305.3.3.3Public Meetings1305.3.4Consultative Meetings with Districts’ & Regional Authorities and Other Stakeholders1315.3.4.1Major Issues Raised By Stakeholders During Engagement1315.3.4.2Key Findings from Stakeholders Consultation & Public Engagement1115.4CONCLUSION1116.0ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVES1166.1IMPACT ZONES1166.2IMPACT IDENTIFICATION1166.2.1Methodologies for Identification of Impacts1176.2.1.1Matrix1176.2.1.2Focused Approach1176.2.1.3Experts Knowledge1186.2.2Susceptible Impacts’ Generating Actions1186.2.3Impacts’ Generating Actions1196.2.3.1Matrices (Activities-Environment Interactions and evaluation)1196.2.4Impacts Prediction & Evaluation1196.3IMPACTS OF PROPOSED URBAN INVESTIMENT INFRASTRUCTURES PROJECT IN ARUSHA CITY1256.3.1Construction of Bus terminal and Trucks parking area at Bondeni City in Muriet Ward1256.3.1.1Pre-construction phase Impacts1256.3.1.2Construction Phase Impacts1266.3.1.3Operation phase Impacts1306.3.2Development of Kilombero market in Levolosi Ward1326.3.2.1Pre-construction1326.3.2.2Construction Phase Impacts1326.3.2.3Operation phase1376.3.3Development of Mrombo Market area in Muriet Ward1396.3.3.1Pre-construction Phase Impacts1396.3.3.2Construction Phase Impacts1406.3.3.3Operation phase impacts1446.3.4Improvement of existing Themi Living Garden in Themi ward.1466.3.4.1Pre-construction impacts1476.3.4.2Construction Phase Impacts1476.3.4.3Operation phase1516.4CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT1536.5ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES1546.5.1Overview1546.5.2Re-gravelling the entire road1556.5.3No Project Alternative1556.5.3.1Change alignment1556.5.4Project Alternative Cases1556.5.4.1Kilombero Market subproject alternatives1556.5.4.2Morombo Market Improvement Project1566.5.4.3Bus Terminal Subproject.1567.0IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES1587.1GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS1587.2MITIGATION MEASURES FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS1587.2.1Land Expropriation, Loss of Property and Resettlement1587.2.2Loss of Employment and Incomes1587.3MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS1587.3.1Destruction of Public Utilities1587.3.2Soil Erosion and Instability of Slopes1587.3.3Increased water and soil pollution1597.3.4Noise, Vibration, and Air1597.3.5Increased Spread of HIV/AIDS1597.3.6Occupational Safety and Health Risks1607.3.7Increased Road Accidents1607.3.8Increased water abstraction1617.3.9Increased Waste1617.3.10Interference with Local Hydrology1627.3.11Loss of Definite Materials and Land Degradation1627.3.12Loss of trees/habitats and Biodiversity1627.3.13Gender Based Violation (GBV) impact1637.3.14Increased Wildlife corridor interference1637.4MITIGATION MEASURES FOR OPERATIONAL PHASE IMPACTS1637.4.1Increased Noise, Vibration, and Air Pollution during the Operation Phase1637.4.2Contribution to global climate change impacts1637.4.3Increased Road Accidents1648.0ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN1658.1ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN1658.2ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING1658.3ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT1658.4IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESMP1658.5INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT1678.6PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES1688.7TRAINING AND INDUCTION1718.8ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COST1738.9STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT PLAN173Loss of trees/habitats and Biodiversity179Contribution to global climate change impacts181Thieves Activities at the market and bus terminal181Water quality in the vicinity182Solid waste1829.0ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING1839.1INTRODUCTION1839.2ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT1839.3MONITORING PARAMETERS1839.4INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND REPORTING PROCEDURES18810.0COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS18910.1OVERVIEW18910.2PROJECT BENEFITS18910.3PROJECT COST18910.4COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS PLANNING19010.4.1Analysis Time Frame & Pertinent Years19010.4.1.1Timeframe19010.4.1.2Years of Construction19010.4.1.3First Year of Benefits19010.4.1.4Final Year of Analysis/Year of Remaining Capital Value (RCV)19010.5ENGINEERING ANALYSIS19010.6ECONOMIC EVALUATION19010.6.1Project Benefits19110.6.1.1Markets subproject191Distribution of Project Benefits19110.6.1.2Bus terminal subproject193Distribution of Project Benefits19310.6.2Project Alternative Cases19410.6.2.1Market subprojects19410.6.2.2Bus Terminal Subproject.19511.0DECOMMISSIONING19711.1DECOMMISSIONING19711.2PRELIMINARY DECOMMISSIONING PLAN19711.2.1TACTIC Subproject Markets: Kilombero market and Kwa Morombo Market19711.2.1.1Storage of Demolition Waste19711.2.1.2Collection and Transportation of Demolition Waste19811.2.1.3Recycling and Reuse of Demolition Waste19811.2.1.4Protective Measures19811.2.1.5Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures19811.2.1.6Costs for Undertaking the Mitigation Measures19911.2.2TACTIC Subproject Bus stand and truck packing at Muriet:19911.2.2.1Storage of Demolition Waste19911.2.2.2Collection and Transportation of Demolition Waste20011.2.2.3Recycling and Reuse of Demolition Waste20011.2.2.4Protective Measures20011.2.2.5Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures20011.2.2.6Costs for Undertaking the Mitigation Measures20112.0SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION202REFERENCE203APPENDICES205APPENDIX I: TERMS OF REFERENCES205PART B: PROPOSED TERMS OF REFERENCE205APPENDIX II: NEMC LETTER WHICH APPROVED TOR210APPENDIX III: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED211APPENDIX IV: MINUTES OF THE MEETINGS CONDUCTED255APPENDIX VI: CONSULTATION MEETINGS PHOTOS274APPENDIX VIII: ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS276

LIST OF TABLESTable 1- 1: Subproject Categorization I respect to EIA and Audit Regulation26Table 1- 2: WB project categories26

Table 2- 1: Kilombero Market proposed structures and schedule of Spaces Accommodated32Table 2- 2: Kwa Morombo Market proposed structures and schedule of Spaces Accommodated34Table 2-3: Bondeni City Bus terminal proposed structures and schedule of Spaces Accommodated35Table 2- 4: Themi Garden proposed structures and schedule of Spaces Accommodated36Table 2- 5: Types, Amount and Source of Sub-Projects requirements during construction phase40Table 2- 6:Types,amountsandtreatment/disposalofwastes duringtheoperational phase41Table 2- 7: Types, Amounts and Sources of Project requirements during the demobilization phase42Table 2- 8: List of Available Borrow Pits and Source of Hard Stones Often Used at Arusha Region43Table 2- 9: Types & Materials Estimation for the Project43Table 2- 10: Types, Amounts and Treatment/Disposal of Wastes during the Construction45Table 2- 11: Required Permits from Regulatory Authorities46

Table 4- 1: Sampling location at the subproject sites96Table 4- 2: Particulate Matter Measurement Data98Table 4- 3: Average values of measured parameters for Gaseous emissions100Table 4- 4: Average values of Measured Noise levels at Subprojects sites in Arusha City Council104Table 4- 5: GDP at Current Prices; Arusha Region; 2005 - 2012111Table 4- 6: Arusha Regional Per Capita Income at Current Prices and their Ranking for the Years 2007 and 2012112Table 4- 7: Percentage of main source of Drinking Water – Arusha City116

Table 5- 1: Wards Covered by the ESIA and Number of participants131Table 5- 2: Supplementary Issues and Concerns Raised By Stakeholders in the Project Area107

Table 6- 1: Concrete Actions on the Project Phases118Table 6- 2: Components and Factors of the Environment119Table 6- 3: Impacts Methodology Table120Table 6- 4: Significant Impacts quantification120Table 6- 5: Environmental and Social Impacts Matrix for the proposed subprojects Markets122Table 6- 6: Environmental and Social Impacts Matrix for the proposed Bus Stand subproject at Bondeni City123Table 6- 7: Environmental and Social Impacts Matrix for the proposed improvement of Themi garden subproject124Table 6- 8:  Valued Environmental Components and Associated Potential Cumulative Impacts153

Table 8- 1:  Personnel and their responsibilities169Table 8- 2: Training Programs for Capacity Building in Environmental Supervision and Management171Table 8- 3: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Proposed Subprojects in Arusha City174

Table 9- 1:  Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for the Proposed subprojects in Arusha City Council184

Table 10- 1: Distribution of Project Benefits191Table 10- 2: Distribution of Project Benefits193Table 10- 3: Technical Specifications for Kilombero Market Improvement Project194Table 10- 4: Technical Specifications for Mrombo Market Improvement Project194Table 10- 5: Technical Specifications for Bondeni Bus Terminal Improvement Project195

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2- 1: Projects location map showe